The Latest Trends of On-Page Optimization

Editor’s note: This post was refreshed January 2019 for precision and fulfillment Regardless of what industry your business works in, huge numbers of your potential clients are utilizing web crawlers to discover answers for their issues. In the event that your site isn’t performing great in query items pages, it’s likely that you’re missing out to your rivals. There are still some time tested on-page SEO methods that will support your hunt rankings, however with standard Google calculation refreshes, it’s vital to refresh your enhancement techniques to expand your online perceivability in 2019 and past. In this article, we’ll plot different on-page improvement systems to support you: Rank higher in Google and other web crawlers to fabricate brand mindfulness and believability. Drive increasingly pertinent site traffic to expand changes. Free Actionable Bonus: Looking to hoist your SEO procedure? We joined forces with Jay Baer of Convince Convert to make this free digital book on 6 Ways to Fix Your Barebones SEO Strategy Separating It On-page positioning variables can be stalled into two general classes: 1. Commitment Ranking Factors Google not just breaks down your substance to decide its worth, however it additionally sees how individuals associate with your pages. Do guests stay or come back to indexed lists following a couple of moments? Do they explore to different pages on your site? Solid commitment measurements sign to Google that your substance has the right to rank well. 2. Specialized Ranking Factors Specialized variables, then again, allude to page components, for example, HTML organizing, semantic separation, and construction markup. While these variables aren’t the most attractive, they can have a tremendous effect in your on-page execution. Commitment Ranking Factors Content Value The nature of your substance is effectively the most significant on-page positioning variable. There may be a colossal measure of rivalry out there, however quality SEO substance will at present stand apart among the group. One of the principal things that any accomplished online advertiser will educate you regarding SEO is that you ought to compose for your human perusers first. Important substance will keep guests on your page, lower skip rates, and fortify your hunt rankings. Google calculation refreshes in 2018 uncovered that Google is concentrating significantly more on the profundity and expansiveness of a website’s content. Various ongoing examinations have indicated the relationship between's long-structure, top to bottom substance and higher web crawler rankings. To see these measurements, read our article that features the advantages of long-structure content. One anonymous update that Google turned out in March 2018 was about pertinence, and it was a critical change to their center calculation. John Mueller from Google said the accompanying: â€Å"The refreshes that we made are increasingly about pertinence where we’re attempting to make sense of which destinations are significant for certain queries.† In 2019 Google will keep on compensating locales that give top to bottom, significant substance. It needs to offer clients the best responses, and it will support sites that individuals locate the most captivating and valuable. So as a substance advertiser, by what method would it be advisable for you to respond? Attempt to make your substance the most intelligent answer on the web for a given inquiry. Answer the inquiries nobody else does. Incorporate connects to important assets. Include illustrations, photographs, and recordings to build commitment. Dispose of any wrecked connections and copy content. Upgrade page stacking times. Client Experience Just as significant as substance esteem is client experience. As internet browsers commonly have a limited ability to focus, a large portion of your guests will rapidly dismiss in the event that they can’t effectively explore your website, regardless of whether the substance itself is immaculate. Your website’s navigational components ought to be effectively reasonable, and keeping in mind that your plan ought to likewise be tastefully satisfying and predictable with your image picture, you ought to never forfeit ease of use for conspicuous designs and surprising navigational highlights. In 2019, the manner in which clients communicate with your site will affect search rankings significantly more. Knowing whether your crowd lean towards text, pictures, or video will help. Attempt to envision what searchers need to discover in the wake of contributing a hunt question, and afterward give the appropriate response in the most captivating organization. At that point give answers to catch up addresses they may have after the underlying inquiry. Site speed is additionally a key factor. Not exclusively will a moderate site drive away guests in large numbers, yet it will likewise hurt your inquiry rankings all the while. In July 2018, Google discharged a versatile speed update, which influenced the slowest locales on the web. (Me trusting that a moderate page will stack) Google as of late announced Rankbrain, its AI calculation, as its third most significant positioning variable after substance and connections. Rankbrain assists Google with understanding the purpose of search inquiries and convey increasingly significant outcomes to clients. As CTR and abide time are two of Rankbrain’s key reference focuses, improving these measurements is vital to SEO achievement. To streamline for Rankbrain in 2019: Address the key inquiry or theme in the presentation of your substance. Clarify from the get-go what points you’ll spread. Use language free language and clear organizing. Stay away from misleading content style features. Make more top to bottom substance. Feature the advantages of perusing your substance in the meta portrayal. Add interior connects to related substance. Remember clear invitations to take action to improve for site commitment. Voice Search More shoppers are utilizing portable voice search, and the deals of keen speakers are on the ascent. As per Statista, unit deals for keen speakers will increment in 2019. It’s still early days for this innovation, however the effect of voice search on client conduct and substance commitment shouldn’t be overlooked. The most effective method to advance your site for voice search: Figure out how to add composition markup to your site for your key articles, organization subtleties, and occasions. Use Google’s Structured Data Markup Helper to begin. Upgrade your site for nearby pursuit. Figure out how to build your nearby pursuit rankings. Incorporate long-tail watchword states that coordinate the inquiries your intended interest group is destined to inquire. Answer well known inquiries unmistakably and compactly. Incorporate inquiries and replies about your items and administrations. Social Sharing Web-based social networking is a major piece of your substance conveyance system. As the idiom goes, â€Å"content is top dog, however dissemination is sovereign, and she wears the pants.† There are a couple of steps you can take to help encourage sharing too, for example, including Twitter Card and Facebook Open Graph markup for your substance and including social sharing catches for well known and applicable systems to each page of substance. Portable Friendly to Mobile-First In March 2018, Google formally revealed its versatile first record, which organizes sites in rankings dependent on how portable amicable they are. Google currently suggests utilizing responsive website composition, so if your site isn’t prepared, you’ll pass up a gigantic measure of traffic. As indicated by a recent report by Statista, in the second from last quarter of 2018, 56 percent of natural web crawler visits in the US were performed on cell phones. Is your substance open and agreeable on any gadget? Use Google’s Mobile-Friendly Test to see whether your site is portable prepared. Video As indicated by an examination by Cisco, video will represent more than 82 percent of all purchaser web traffic by 2021. To stay aware of the opposition, begin adding more video substance to your site. This will assist with expanding the harp time on your site and furthermore make your pages look all the more engaging. To help web indexes comprehend your video content: Include an illustrative title for the video that incorporates target catchphrases. Guarantee the remainder of your page is applicable to the video. Incorporate an interpretation of the video. Insert recordings close to the highest point of the page to expand commitment. Utilize a CTA to cause to notice the video. Titles and Meta Descriptions While numerous individuals consider meta depictions as a specialized element, I’m going to recommend they have more to do with commitment. At the point when you search on Google, you’ll notice that pretty much every outcome is joined by a short portrayal, which will regularly be the principal experience that individuals have with the substance. The meta depiction is one of the most significant components of all with regards to SEO content for your site since it allows you to urge your expected guests to tap on the connection and investigate your site. While utilizing your essential and optional watchword states in your meta portrayals is prudent, it is undeniably increasingly significant that it is helpful and connecting enough to your crowd that they choose to continue. Google has now expanded the title length to 70 †71 characters, so a greater amount of your title’s words will be obvious in SERPs. The web crawler is additionally indicating more characters in meta portrayals with the goal that you can incorporate more watchwords here. To capitalize on these new character limits, attempt re-composing the meta portrayals of your most elevated positioning pages to energize click-throughs from SERPs. Specialized Ranking Factors Crawler Accessibility Despite the fact that they’re consistently improving at what they do, internet searcher crawlers are as yet far from being as productive and observing as individuals, which is the reason you have to find a way to guarantee that your pages are completely open. For instance, web indexes experience issues sorting visual substance, which is the reason it is fundamental to go with any pictures and recordings with alt text and subtitles. You ought to likewise keep your URLs static by utilizing permalinks, essentially on the off chance that you are utilizing a substance the executives framework (CMS) to control your site. On the off chance that you’re keen on becoming familiar with this

Alzheimers Disease Essays (2644 words) - Cognitive Disorders

Alzheimers Disease Alzheimer's Disease We are right now living in the time of innovation. Our headways in the previous not many decades dominate everything learned over the most recent 2000 years. With the end of numerous sicknesses through compelling fixes and medications, people can hope to carry on with an any longer life then that of their grandparents. The number of inhabitants in the United States keeps on rising, and with the time of increased birth rates time transitioning, the quantity of older individuals is ascending too. This expansion has carried with it an enormous increment in infections related with mature age. Alzheimer's dementia is one of the most widely recognized and dreaded illnesses tormenting the old network. Alzheimer's infection, when thought to be a characteristic piece of maturing, is a seriously weakening type of mental dementia. Albeit some different kinds of dementia are reparable or successfully treatable, there is as of now no solution for the Alzheimer assortment. A general diagram of Alzheimer's malady including the clinical portrayal, analysis, and movement of manifestations, causes one to additionally comprehend the treatment and care of patients, the extent of the issue, and flow explore. The clinical meaning of dementia is a crumbling in scholarly execution that includes, however isn't constrained to, a misfortune in any event 2 of the accompanying zones: language, judgment, memory, visual or profundity observation, or judgment meddling with every day exercises. (Establishment, 1996, p.4). The underlying reason for Alzheimer's ailment indications is an aftereffect of the dynamic disintegration of synapses (neurons) in the cerebral cortex of the cerebrum. This territory of the mind, which is the biggest and highest part, controls all our perspectives, development, discourse, and faculties. This decay at first beginnings in the zone of the cortex that is related with memory and afterward advances into different zones of the cortex, at that point into different zones of the mind that control substantial capacities. The passing of these phones causes an interference of the electrochemical signals between neurons that are a key to subjective just as real working. At present Alzheimer's malady must be affirmed at post-mortem examination. After death the analyzed cerebrum of an Alzheimer casualty shows two particular attributes. The first is the nearness of neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex and different regions of the cerebrum including cerebral veins. These plaques comprise of gatherings of neurons encompassed by stores of beta-amyloid protein. The nearness of these plaques is likewise basic to different kinds of dementia. The subsequent trademark, neurofibliary tangles, is the thing that isolates Alzheimer's malady from every other type of dementia. Neurofibliary tangles happen inside the separated synapses themselves. When analyzed under a magnifying instrument, infected cells seem to contain spaghetti-like knot of typically straight nerve filaments. The nearness of these knot was first found in 1906 by the German nervous system specialist Alois Alzheimer, subsequently the name Alzheimer's malady. In spite of the fact that the attributes recorded above are urgent to the determination of Alzheimer's ailment upon death, the clinical finding includes an alternate procedure. The conclusion of Alzheimer's malady is just made after every different ailment, which may have similar indications, are precluded. The underlying side effects of Alzheimer's sickness are commonplace of other treatable infections. Along these lines specialists are reluctant to give the conclusion of Alzheimer's so as to spare the patient from the declining of a treatable malady through a misdiagnosis. A portion of the underlying indications incorporate an expanded memory misfortune, changes in mind-set, character, and conduct, (side effects that are normal in sadness) professionally prescribed medication strife, cerebrum tumors, syphilis, liquor abuse, different kinds of dementia, and numerous different conditions. The beginning of these manifestations for the most part carries the patient to his family specialist. The general professional runs a run of the mill battery of urinalysis and blood tests that he sends off to the lab. In the event that the tests return negative, and no other reason for the manifestations is set up, the patient is then alluded to a pro. The master, generally a therapist, will at that point keep on precluding other potential diseases through testing. On the off chance that the following battery of tests additionally returns negative, at that point the expert will approach a nervous system specialist to run a progression of neurological assessments including a PET and CAT sweep to preclude the chance of mind tumors. A spinal tap is likewise performed to decide the chance of

How the Status Quo Bias Affects Your Decisions

How the Status Quo Bias Affects Your Decisions Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How the Status Quo Bias Affects Your Decisions By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on August 12, 2019 Sollina Images / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The status quo bias is one type of cognitive bias that involves people preferring that things stay as they are, or that the current state of affairs remains the same. This bias can have an effect on human behavior, but it is also a topic of interest in other fields including sociology, politics, and economics. By being aware of how the status quo bias influences your decisions and behaviors, you can look for ways to reduce the bias in the choices you make each and every day. Overview Change can be a scary thing for many people, which is perhaps why many tend to prefer that things simply stay the way they are. In psychology, this tendency is known as the status quo bias, a type of cognitive bias in which people exhibit a preference for the way things are currently. When changes do occur, people tend to perceive them as a loss or detriment. The status quo bias can make people resistant to change, but it can also have a powerful effect on the decisions they make as well. In a series of controlled experiments, Samuelson and Zeckhauser found that people show a disproportionate preference for choices that maintain the status quo. Participants were asked a variety of questions, for example, in which they had to take the role of the decision-maker in situations faced by individuals, managers, and government officials. Based on the results, the researchers noted a strong status quo bias in the responses. When making an important choice, people are more likely to pick the option that maintains things as they are currently. A status quo bias minimizes the risks associated with change, but it also causes people to miss out on potential benefits that might even outweigh the risks. Explanations So why do people tend to have such a strong bias for the status quo? A number of other cognitive biases support the existence of the status quo bias. Loss Aversion Bias As they consider their choices, people focus more on what they stand to lose rather than how they might benefit. As Kahneman and Tversky (1979) explain, losses loom larger than gains. In other words, the potential for loss stands out in peoples minds much more prominently than the potential for gains. For example, research by Samuelson and Zeckhauser (1988) found that younger workers were more likely to sign up for a health insurance plan that had better premiums and deductibles, while older employees were more likely to stick with their old but less favorable plans. The older employees may be more concerned with minimizing any possible losses rather than risking everything on some potential gains. They know what to expect from their current plan, so they are not willing to take the risk on a new plan even though the switch might come with financial benefits. Exposure Mere exposure, or the tendency to prefer things simply because they are familiar, may also play a role. Researchers have found that people prefer a wide variety of things simply because they are familiar with them, including words, faces, pictures, and even sounds. Quite often, the things we think we prefer only become favored because we are more familiar with them. Impact The status quo bias can have a serious impact on a wide variety of everyday decisions. For example, you may find yourself ordering the same menu item every time you visit your favorite restaurant. Some of the newer items on the menu may look tempting, but you already know that you will be satisfied with your old favorite. Instead of trying a new dish, and running the risk that you will not like it, youd rather stick to your tried-and-true favorite. This minimizes the risk of any potential losses (being unhappy with what you ordered), but you also miss out on the possible benefits such as finding a new favorite dish. Sticking with your current cable/satellite provider is another example of how the status quo bias may influence everyday decisions. Even though another provider might offer more channels at a cheaper price, you are already familiar with the rates, choices, and customer service offered by your current provider. The status quo bias might lead you to stay with your current provider in order to keep things the way they are, rather than to take a risk on an unfamiliar but potentially better service option. The status quo bias can also have an impact on more significant life choices that might impact your finances, your political choices, and even your health. For example, the bias is often used to explain why people fail to take advantage of investment and savings opportunities. Rather than place their money in investments that have a degree of risk, people often leave their money in low-yield savings accounts. The status quo bias leads people to maintain their financial situation as it currently is, rather than taking a risk on improving their financial outlook. In politics, the status quo bias is also often used to explain the conservative mindset. People who identify as conservative tend to focus on maintaining traditions and keeping things the way they are. This avoids risks associated with change but also misses out on possible benefits that change might bring. The status quo bias can also have an impact on the health choices that people make. One study found that when given the choice between their current medication and an even better medication, people are biased toward choosing their current medicine. Rather than risk trying an unknown medication that may have unknown effects, people prefer to stick with what they know, even if it is potentially not as good as the alternatives. Of course, like many other cognitive biases, the status quo bias does have benefits. Because it prevents people from taking risks, the bias offers a certain degree of protection. However, this risk-avoidance can also have negative effects if the alternatives actually provide greater safety and benefits than the current state of affairs.

Harry Potter And The Goblet Of Fire Essay - 2491 Words

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Written By Cameron Franklin Cameron R. Franklin 2337 Timberline dr, Fort worth TX, 76119 817-350-7058 hfgfranklin17@yahoo.com I am going to use the story Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire What if there was a dark wizard who orchestrated for himself to be resurrected to return and seek revenge on a 14 year old wizard who he’d attempted to kill in the past but failed, so he sneaks and undercover wizard into Hogwarts to bring the boy to him? Int. A room - At night An old man lights his oven to prepare dinner. Across the way he recognizes a light on in a house across from his. He quits what he’s doing and heads for the house. Ext. Darkness - outside The old man makes his way towards the house with his lantern. He reaches the house and opens the door to see nothing but darkness. He makes his way up the stairs as he hears voices coming from the room with the light on. The old man arrives at the door and listens to the conversation. Wormtail Oh my Lord Voldemort, i was merely suggesting us go about this without the boy. Voldemort No! We need the boy. It cannot be done without him so do as i say. Mystery Man I won’t fail you my lord. Voldemort Good. First, gather our old allies. Send them the sign. A snake slithers past the old man outside the door and into the room. Voldemort Nagini saysShow MoreRelatedHarry Potter And The Goblet Of Fire Essay2132 Words   |  9 Pageshave betrayed the authors intentions such as Thetaggerrung123 who writes, â€Å"It is a terrible thing to see your favorite book being massacred on the big screen† (1). For this particular essay, the adaptation that will be discussed is Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Although the movie does stay for the most part true to the book there are still some major differences that did not meet the book’s standards. 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Rowling | Starring | Daniel Radcliffe Rupert Grint Emma Watson (See below) | Studio | Heyday Films | Distributed by | Warner Bros. | Release  date(s) | 2001–2011 | Country | United Kingdom United States | Language | English | Budget | Total (8 films): $1,155,000,000 | Box office | Total (8 films): $7,706,147,978 | The  Harry Potter  filmRead MoreEssay about The Fame and Fortune of J.K. Rowling1419 Words   |  6 Pagesthe years we have watched J.K. Rowling tower over all other authors in the world. Rowling went through many trials, tribulations and hard ships to be the great woman she is today. Rowling’s life is now in the public eye all because of one boy, Harry Potter. J.K. Rowling once said â€Å"I thought I’d written something that a handful of people might like. So this has been something of a shock.†- J.K. Rowling (Rowling J.K.). Subsequently Rowling’s life will be forever changed. Joanne Kathleen Rowling has

Growing Global Concern over Poverty - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1464 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Poverty Essay Did you like this example? The growing concern of poverty is a prevalent issue that prevents many individuals from succeeding. Often, it is the economic, social and political barriers that limit ones potential to succeed. A lot of these barriers affect individuals of all ages; however, youth in Canada are the ones at the most significant risk from being affected by poverty. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Growing Global Concern over Poverty" essay for you Create order The focus of the paper is to identify and recommend solutions to the issues of poverty associated with youth in Canada. The reason why youth poverty has the most substantial risk is that youths will become a leading generation that will face more significant issues such as global warming. By tackling youth poverty at a young age, it is possible to decrease the amount of poverty and increase the average income of Canadians. To put Canadian youth poverty into perspective, one in five children live in poverty conditions and more than a third of food bank users across Canada were children in 2016 (Canada Without Poverty, 2017). It is vital that sociologists and healthcare professionals understand the income issues in Canada because it reflects the governments abilities to reduce economic inequality and the expensive medical treatments that are not covered (Siavash, 2018). If income issues were left as they are, the rich would only get richer as they would be able to afford healthcare and education for their offspring while the poor are left in a cycle of poverty. The cycle of poverty consists of a family impoverished for three generations and starts with the child born to a low-income family (Dubay, 2018). The lack of opportunity for advancement is the primary cause of this cycle as low-income families do not have access to the required resources to improve their living conditions ultimately affecting children (Dubay, 2018). Impact on Income Issues in Canada Income inequality in Canada is a significant issue that is particularly common among families facing poverty. To put it in a micro-sociological perspective, a youths development heavily relies on their family and environment. By increasing income within families, we can consistently improve living conditions for families as youths will be able to adopt greater attitudes, gain better grades and attend post-secondary education. This has been supported as many studies have identified a positive correlation between income and youth development (The Vancouver Sun, 1998). With the increase in income, families can provide more to their children as they will have greater access to resources and food which will support their development. There is also a negative correlation to the amount of income and healthy eating of Youth Canada. It showed that children of low income have poor diet quality characterized by low consumption of the four food groups and high consumption of the other food categ ories (St John et al., 2008). The income issues in Canada associated with youth development has its effect on each youth as they do not have the required resources for success. As youth are dependent, income is a responsibility of parents. If parents do not have a good job to support their child, the child will not be able to gain a proper education and will continue to struggle through poverty throughout their life. Parent-Offspring Conflict Theory Conflict is present in our everyday lives and can have positive or negative effects. The importance of a parent-child relationship and its connection to society and the health care system is critical. The parent-offspring conflict theory (POCT) which is a sub-type of conflict theory examines the role of parent-child relationship and the increasing number of siblings to an increase of conflict. How POCT affects individuals at a smaller scale is that when there are more siblings, there is more conflict. Parents use a mild form of eugenics where they tend to invest more into the siblings that they feel will be more successful. This results in one sibling gaining the most benefit and love by parents while other siblings are neglected and given low expectations of success. In low-income families, this is evident as they do not have enough money to support the income of many children and would rely on the most successful child to take care of them when they are older (Veigh, 2017). The the ory also identifies parental disruption which is a child living without biological parents (Schlomer, Ellis, Garber, 2010). Parentally disrupted families go through many processes that result in the unwillingness of parents to invest time, energy and resources into their children (Schlomer, Ellis, Garber, 2010). For example, parental deaths result in a loss of parental investment in children and divorced custodial parents who are commonly mothers tend to provide lower quality parental investment when compared to non-parental disrupted families (Schlomer, Ellis, Garber, 2010). This reflects society as low-income families tend to have more children. These children will grow up living either as low-income individuals or reliant on their parents for care. This will continue to keep the underachievers in poverty; however, the successful ones may also experience issues of income related to healthcare. As baby boomer parents enter their old age, there will be a need for increasing long-ter m care support for them. Parents often grow old and become dependent on their children for help. This puts a more significant financial strain on the child who may have a family of their own to support (Fogler, 2009). The increased costs result in older adults being discharged from community nursing homes as they end up in home-based nursings usually at their childs house (Fogler, 2009). The healthcare system should be looking over this as a decrease in older adults in proper nursing homes will leave more nurses unemployed while continuing to have a financial strain on the child of older adults. From this theory, I learned that the lack of income has its short and long-term effects that can reflect society and the healthcare system. The actions individuals make result in many children receiving inadequate support and more children growing up to low-income jobs. In the focus of healthcare systems, unless they make affordable long-term health care for adults, many of these low-income family children will have a financial strain on them as they would opt for home care which is more economical. This would leave many nurses unemployed with an increasing number of older adults being discharged from facilities due to financial reasons. Recommendations for the Future Canada should be taking many actions to reduce poverty within youths. To do this, they must combat this issue by implementing many strategies and policies at a family level. Current statistics by Citizens for Public Justice (2018) show that poverty in Canada is highest (47.4%) for children in lone-parent families which has gone down from 50% since 2015. Statistics like these need a significant drop to decrease the amount of poverty affecting youths. Canada should be looking more than just providing jobs as a way of reducing poverty; the jobs should have enough hours and pay to support the number of children within the family (Citizens for Public Justice, 2018). The government should be focused on meeting target goals on reducing poverty as itll help alleviate other economic consequences and allow for investments in other issues. Reducing poverty will also decrease health risks and break individuals free from the cycle of poverty. A policy that focuses on income, housing, health, food and education is what the Canadian government needs to reduce poverty (Millar, 2017). By doing so, the government will be supporting families and youths to improve their living conditions and create a better life for everyone as a long-term investment to society. Throughout the research and writing of this assignment, I have come to understand better the types of patients I may face in my nursing career. Each patient has a unique background from where they come from as many of them live in poverty. It is clear to me that having an active role in reducing income is essential for myself and society. Everything relating to the government is connected and can ultimately affect ourselves even though we are not directly affected. A lot of patients have a rough history and what nurses need to do is provide comfort and trust. Patients should be able to feel safe in the hands of nurses because many of them have gone through some form of neglect or abuse in their life. Nurses should be respectful of others and try to accommodate their patients best. Reducing income inequality will only benefit everyone as many children will be able to afford care for their parents in nursing homes, youths will be able to gain a proper education and families will live a more satisfying life by supporting their children. Canada still has a long way to go before they can cross reducing poverty off their list of goals. With the help of nurses, they can provide the love, and care patients need to assist them to adequately getting their life together.

Sonny’s Blues Free Essays

In Sonny’s Blues the and the autobiographical notes of James Baldwin found in the book show the racism of the time and how subtle it is and how it becomes a part of a person once it is introduced to them. In the auto biographical notes Baldwin says, â€Å"I was forced to admit something I had always hidden from myself, which the American Negro has had to hide from himself as the price of his public progress; that I hated and feared white people. This did not mean that I loved black people; on the contrary, I despised them, possibly because they failed to produce Rembrandt† (844). We will write a custom essay sample on Sonny’s Blues or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this one statement it brings about a clarity and understanding and mentality that is found throughout Sonny’s Blues. For a lack of better word the autobiographical notes gives insight into the black condition that Sonny and his brother embody. The first person of importance is not Sonny or his brother , it is the man that the brother meets as he is leaving school and going to the subway station. This man gives the reader the insight as to what Sonny had been going through for so long. It does not seem that way but as you look a bit deeper into his mannerisms you see that he, himself is a drug addict just the same as Sonny was at that time. But for some reason you get this air that he felt that somehow he was better than Sonny. I guess that in some sense he was because he was not locked up in jail but I see this as the subtle but ever present racism popping up in the black community because of the â€Å"black condition†. This black condition is not a physical ailment (but it can bring about a physical ailment ie. Sonny and the narrators father being beaten up by drunk white men) but a psychological one that is brought about by racism. This leads me to Sonny’s drug problem. This part of his life is solely a because of his environment but it is also a part that is purely human. Baldwin’s and most black Americans desire is to be seen as a human and not just a black person. Baldwin says, â€Å"I don’t like people who like me because I’m a Negro† (845) Through this pain that Sonny must go through he becomes just a man. It is a harsh and most certainly a terrible way for this transformation to occur but Baldwin also says â€Å"†¦the things which hurt him and the things which helped him cannot be divorced from each other; he could be help in a certain way only because he was hurt in a certain way; and his help was simply to be enabled to move from one conundrum to the next†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (843). Baldwin has said that â€Å"In those days my mother was given to the exasperating and mysterious habit of having babies. As they were born, I took them over with one hand and held a book in the other† (841). This statement alone was the most powerful statement about the Narrator of Sonny’s Blues. He saw the â€Å"trap† that was in a child taking care of a child and wanted no part. Much latter he realized the impact that that had on Sonny and begins to internalize Sonny’s problems as his own, something he could have prevented. Sonny had always had a penchant for the musical arts and he knew that he wanted to persue music but, every person in his life at the time told him that he would never amount to anything with music and that he could not do it. I feel that the statement where Baldwin says. â€Å"I despised them, possibly because they failed to produce Rembrandt† speaks to this. He despised blacks not because of the color but the lack of nurture for the arts with their children, if it was not the bible it was of the world and thus of the devil. This lack of understanding and within a community was probably one of the most frustrating things for Baldwin because, how do you go against God ? Collectively these situations discussed are the reason that the fear of white people exist but there are also the same reason that he is not in love with black people for Baldwin and Sonny. The true fear is that they will never be seen as equals to their white counterparts. There is a ceiling that kids in harlem bump their heads on and that they will never be able to go beyond or break the so called glass ceiling into a world where they are no longer black but human and in Baldwin’s case a â€Å"an honest man and good writer† How to cite Sonny’s Blues, Essay examples

Media Laws and Ethics for Online Journalism - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMedia Laws and Ethics for Online Journalism. Answer: In the essay, the media laws and ethics that govern the social media are studied in the light of Immanuel Kants philosophy as presented in his book The Critique of Pure Reason. Immanuel Kant in his book pointed out a number of laws and customs and their effect on changes in social behavior and customs. The Media laws and ethics are a set of rules and laws governing the modern media and the society (Christians et al. 2015). Considering the rise in the importance of media as a medium of communication with the society the set of laws are considered extremely important to govern its operations. In the essay, the implications of the working of the media laws in purview of Kants categorical imperatives are studies in detail. The laws of categorical imperatives as put forward by Kant are based on a set of maxims or a set of rules, which are supposed to be followed based on the social norms (Kant 2014). Kants laws of the categorical imperatives are extremely important in setting a set of laws, which govern the morals of the media without causing any social harm. Kants philosophy says that the social customs are changing with time according to the social acceptance of the changes. They are considered positive or negative depending on the maxims or the acceptable moral behavior of the society (Murphy 2015). The media ethics and laws are supposed to be followed by people working in the field of Media to govern the information, which are being imparted to people. The categorical imperatives suggest that the moral of a person working within the society should subscribe to societal norms. In case of media, the media should keep in mind that the information it provides is far reaching and considered a credible so urce of information (Perse and Lambe 2016). It should not provide the any information harming the social position of the person or the hurting the sentiment of the society or a group of people without any proper proof supporting the claim. According to the Kantian philosophy, the people in the media should treat the audience considering themselves a part of the audience and be honest to their job (Friend and Singer 2015). The media laws are set such that while giving information they are not biased and they should just give open-ended information and not pass the judgment regarding the issue. Moreover, the information should not invade or hamper anyones privacy or hamper any ones fundamental rights in any way. The categorical imperative suggests that there should be no exception to the set of rules that are to be followed by a media person. If a person chooses to against the rule it is supposed to become a norm in due time. Such norms when they are negative do harm to the society. The changes in the media today do not subscribe to the concept of ethical media. The media has become more of an entertainment media than an informative media. Kant presumed the power of the media and in his book suggested that the media should be kept away from bureaucracy (Allen and Hindman 2014). The Kantian philosophy of the social acceptance of the changes in the society helps in understanding the norms of the behavioral pattern of the society. The modern media has become the entertainer rather than the mirror of the society. This has taken place because of the norm shifting due to shift in the role of the certain organizations that focused on succeeding through unethical effort (Moreno et al. 2015). The success of this form of media caused a change in the paradigm overall media due to competition. The concept of the Political alignment of news channels is another example of this concept of Kantian Philosophy where the norm was against the social ethics. The present norm making fun of people, body types and ethnicities is against the ethics of the media. The constant increase in this media is an example of the categorical imperative, which do not follow the maxims (Nyholm 2015). The categorical imperative is of the media takes into purview the laws governing the media as well the rights of the Society. The media laws allows the freedom of the speech but it also forfeits it from revealing personal information without prior person and not make personal comments about the topic. The law of the states also assigns the people with a set of fundamental right, which the media should not be curbed by the media. The media should be a profitable business as it causes a discrepancy and use unlawful measures for the profits. The work of Kant helps in understanding how media being the far reaching and a credible form of communication should perform its duties ethically for the society to perform functionally. The media today is responsible for the changes in trends in the society. Mostly the people see what the media as an acceptable behavior show and the changes in the society occur accordingly. As Kants categorical imperative, theory suggests, with time the behavior of a single individual becomes the norm of the society. The society might any negative behavior promoted by media affecting the society negatively (Valenzuela 2013). Similarly, any news shown by the media is considered credible by the sources and has effect on the audience so the media should not misinform without assessing the results. One of the considerable examples is the Jafr alien invasion report, which caused mass hysteria (News.bbc.co.uk, 2017). It was an April fools joke but the example shows the effect the media has on the lifestyl es and habits of the people. The media should understand its social responsibility and should not misuse its power. The importance of the media and the laws being followed by the media is easily understood. In the future number of steps should be taken to make the media perfect. Firstly, it should operate under the principles of categorical imperative following its maxims without any exception. The norms help in curtailing the media from misusing its rights of freedom of speech. Moreover, a universal code of conduct for the media should be made allowing it certain freedoms and curtailing some so that there are no go around ways for doing something illegal according to the social norms. The working of the media houses should be kept from any economic influence. The media should be a profitable venture but it should not run with the aim of profit. The economy of the media houses should be kept from influencing its functional roles in the society. In the future, the media should adapt itself and merge with the society. The social implications of the media houses should meet the social norms of the so ciety it functions in and the media houses should follow the ethics and norms of the society for proper functioning. Therefore, in the essay, the different philosophies of the working of the media and the ethical issues are brought forward. The media in the present society and is a strong determinant of the growth and development of the society. It is necessary for the media to keep itself in strict supervision to follow the norms of the society and be ethical in providing information. Kants categorical imperative system is the determinant benchmark for the ethical changes being caused in the society due to any external changes. Based on the moral of the change according to the accepted maxim the behavior is taken as positive or negative. The positive changes should be accepted while the media to curtail their far-reaching effects should overlook the negative changes. The media laws should be stringent to make the sure the laws are being followed. References Allen, D.S. and Hindman, E.B., 2014. The media and democracy: Using democratic theory in journalism ethics.Wyatt, The Ethics of Journalism, pp.185-203. Christians, C.G., Fackler, M., Richardson, K., Kreshel, P. and Woods, R.H., 2015.Media ethics: Cases and moral reasoning. Routledge. Friend, C. and Singer, J., 2015.Online journalism ethics: Traditions and transitions. Routledge. Kant, I., 2014. The Good Will and the Categorical Imperative.The Ethical Life: Fundamental Readings in Ethics and Moral Problems, pp.87-99. Moreno, A., Navarro, C., Tench, R. and Zerfass, A., 2015. Does social media usage matter? An analysis of online practices and digital media perceptions of communication practitioners in Europe.Public Relations Review,41(2), pp.242-253. Murphy, K.C., 2015.Ethical crisis communication on social media: Combining situational crisis communication theory, stakeholder theory, Kant's categorical imperatives(Doctoral dissertation, Gonzaga University). News.bbc.co.uk. 2017.BBC News - 'Alien invasion' April Fools' story angers Jordan mayor. [online] Available at: https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8604122.stm [Accessed 13 Nov. 2017]. Nyholm, S., 2015. Kant's Universal Law Formula Revisited.Metaphilosophy,46(2), pp.280-299. Perse, E.M. and Lambe, J., 2016.Media effects and society. Routledge. Valenzuela, S., 2013. Unpacking the use of social media for protest behavior: The roles of information, opinion expression, and activism.American Behavioral Scientist,57(7), pp.920-942.

Southwest airlines Essay Example Essay Example

Southwest airlines Essay Example Paper Southwest airlines Essay Introduction Another passenger, an elderly woman flying to Phoenix for cancer treatment, generating because she had no family or friends at her destination. The ticket agent invited her into Hermes and escorted her around Phoenix for two weeks. 12 Southwest Airlines customers were often surprised by Southwest Spirit. On some flights, mega-zone pictures of gourmet meals were offered for dinner on an evening flight. Flight attendants wrongheaded to have fun; songs, jokes, and humorous flight announcements were common. One flightiness’s had a habit of popping out of overhead luggage compartments as passengers attempted tattoos their belongings, until the day she frightened an elderly passenger who called for oxygen. 3 Harebells once served In-flight snacks dressed as the Easter Bunny. Intense company communication and camaraderie was highly valued and essential to maintaining esprit De corps found throughout the firm. The Southwest Spirit, as exhibited by enthusiasm introverted personalities, was an important element in employee screening conducted by Southwestwards Department. Employment at Southwest was highly desired. In 2006, 3,363 employees whirred and 284,827 applications were received. Once landed, a Job was fairly secure. The airline had Anatolia off an employee since 1971. Historically, employee turnover hovered around 7%, the lowest rate in the industry. In 2008, Southwest had more than 33,000 employees; In 1990, Southwest had 8,employees and less than 6,000 in 1987. During Initial training periods, efforts were made to share and instill Southwest’s unique culture. Southwest airlines Essay Body Paragraphs New-employee orientation, known as the new-hire celebration, have In the past Included Southerliness’s of the Wheel of Fortune game show, scavenger hunts, and company videos including the â€Å"South-west Airlines Shuffle† in which each department introduced itself, rap style, and in which Clearheadedly as Big Daddy-O. To join the People Department (I. E. Human Resources), employees requisitioning customer experience. Advanced employee training regularly occurred at the University of People at Love Field in Dallas. Various classes were offered, including team building, leadership, and cultural diversity. Newly pro-mooted supervisors and managers attended a three-day class called â€Å"Leading with Integrity. † Each De-apartment also had its own training division focusing on technical aspects of the work. ‘Walk-a-Malady† encouraged employees from different departments to experience firsthand the day-to-day active-tiles of their co-workers. The goal of this program was to promote respect for fellow workers wellspring’s awareness of the company-14 Employee Annihilative was supported by management and encouraged at employees proposed designs for ice storage equip-meet that reduced time and costs, and baggage handlers learned to place luggage with the handles factorization to reduce unloading time. Red hearts and â€Å"Luvs’ were central parts of the internal corporate culture, appearing transmutations literature. A mentoring program for new hires was called Coachers. Heroes of the Heartlands† were given annually o one behind-the-scenes group of workers, whose department name wastepaper on a specially designed plane for a year. Other awards honored an employee’s big misanthropes the â€Å"Bone of the Year Award. † When employees had a story about exceptional service to share,they were encouraged to fill out a â€Å"LUVS Report. † 8 TABLET Southwest placed great emphasis on maintaining coopera tive labor relations: 87% of all employ-sees were unionized. Southwest pilots belonged to an independent union and not the Airline Plasticization, the union that represented more than 60,000 pilots. The company encouraged the unions their negotiators to conduct employee surveys and to research their most important issues prior teach contract negotiation. At its 1994 contract discussion, the pilots proposed a 10-year contract withstood options in lieu of guaranteed pay increases over the first five years of the contract. In 1974,Southwest was the first airline to introduce employee profit sharing. Through the plan, employments about 10% of the company’s stock. Herb Keller summed up the Southwest culture and commitment to employees: We don’t use things like TTS. It’s Just a lot of people taking pride in what they’re doing.. You’ve to recognize that people are still the most important. How you treat them determines they treat people on the outside. I give people the license to be themselves motivate others in that way. We give people the opportunity to be a maverick. You donate to fit in a constraining mold at work?you can have a good time. People respond that. 1 5 Southwest Imitators Southwest’s strategy spawned numerous imitators, most of which failed. Two of the more successfully-up firms, Midwest Express and America West, both went through Chapter 11 bankruptcy pro- seeding. Evaluate was grounded after its May 1996 crash in the Florida Everglades, reemerging a yearly as Raritan. The major airlines tried to compete directly with Southwest. The Shuttle by United, a so-called†airline within an airline,† was started in October 1994. United objective was to create a new airliners by United with many of the same operational elements as Southwest: a fleet of sass, low fares,short- haul flights, and less restrictive union rules. United saturated the West Coast corridor with short-haul flights on routes such as Oak land-Seattle, San Francisco-San Diego, and Sacramento-San Diego. The Shuttle was unable to achieve the same level of productivity as Southwest and, in 2001. Undistinguished Shuttle service and folded the remaining flights into its regular service. US Airways edited same with its Meteorite discount service. In 2003 United started a new discount carrier called TED. Some of the attempts to imitate Southwest were almost comical. Continental Elite (Calcite) was effort by Continental Airlines to develop a low-cost service and revive the company’s fortunes aftereffect out of bankruptcy in April 1993. In March 1994, Continental increased Calcite service to daily flights. Continental soon encountered major operational problems with its new strategy. 16 Withiest fleet of 16 efferent planes, mechanical delays disrupted turnaround times. Various pricing for on-time service, amontillados soared by 40%. In January 1995, Continental announced that it would reduce its capacity 10% and elimin ate 4,000 Jobs. By mid-1995, Continentals Calcite service had been largely discos-tinted. In October 1995, Continentals CEO was ousted. A Successful Start-up: Stubble Airways Morris Air, patterned after Southwest, was the only airline Southwest had acquired and integrated insists own operations. Prior to the acquisition, Morris Air flew Boeing sass on point-to-point routes,operated in a different part of the U. S. Than Southwest, and was profitable. When Morris Air wisecracked by Southwest in December 1993, seven new markets were added to Southwest’s system. Minion, Morris Air’s former president, David Melanin, announced plans for Stubble Airways, a marline based at New Work’s JEFF Airport. Stubble had a successful PIP in April 2002, with the stocking 70% on the first day of trading. Stubble had a geographically diversified flight schedule authenticated both short-haul and long-haul routes. Although Stubble was viewed as a low-fare carrier, theatrical emphasized various service attributes, such as leather seats, free Live (a 24-channel satellites service with programming provided by Directive), and predestined seating. TB00419 In 2008, Stubble served 55 cities in the domestic United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Stubble had a fleet of 194 Airbus AWAY aircraft and 30 Embrace 190 regional Jet aircraft. Stubble revenue minion was $2. 6 billion, one-quarter the size of Southwest. The company had a net loss in 2005 and button returned to profitability in 2007. A major ice storm that hit New York in early 2007 severely tested company. More than 1,200 flights were cancelled over a six-day period. Not long after, Advancements was asked by the Board to step down as CEO. He remained as Chairman. Southwest Expansion Southwest grew steadily over the years prior to 2008, but the growth was highly controlled. New air-ports were carefully selected, and only a few new cities were added each year. As Keller wrote to housemistress in 1993, â€Å"South west has had more opportunities for growth than it has airplanes. Yet, unlikeliest airlines, it has avoided the trap of growing beyond its means. Whether you are talking with unofficial or a ramp agent, employees Just don’t seem to be enamored of the idea that bigger is deter. Non October 1996, with the initiation of flights to Providence, Rhode Island, Southwest entered northeast market. The entry into the northeast region of the U. S. Was, in many respects, a logically for Southwest. The northeast was the most densely populated area of the country and the monolayer region where Southwest did not compete. New England could provide a valuable source passengers to Florist’s warmer winter climates. Southwest’s entry into Florida was exceeding immaterialness. Despite the large potential market, the northeast offered a new set of challenges for Southwest. Airport congestion and air-traffic control delays could prevent efficient operations, lengthening turn-around ti me at airport gates, and wreaking havoc on frequent flight scheduling. Inclement weatherproofed additional challenges for both air service and car travel to airports. Nevertheless, Southwest con-tinted to add new northeast cities. A few years later, Southwest was flying to various northeast airports,including Long Island, New Hampshire, and Hartford. In 2004, Southwest began flying to Philae-phi, which was the first major northeast market entry. As of 2008, Southwest had not entered markets outside the 008, Southwest was in an interesting and unique position. Although the company had a strong financial position, major carriers like Delta and Northwest headache out of bankruptcy protection with lower costs and more efficient operations. While Extemporaneously productivity remained high, its operating costs were rising. The company had the historicalness for pilots of narrow-body Jets. Clearly, 2008 and the years following would result in dramatic changes to airline industry struck-tr ue. Would Southwest be able to maintain its position as America’s most prosperous airline? We will write a custom essay sample on Southwest airlines Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Southwest airlines Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Southwest airlines Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Binge Drinking Among College Students

Binge Drinking Among College Students Free Online Research Papers Introduction Many studies have shown that the age of onset of heavy drinking has been strongly linked to the formation of harmful drinking habits later in life (Berkowitz, 1990; Glassman, 2010). The increased levels of binge drinking and alcohol abuse reported among university students within one year of entering college may possibly point to increases in alcohol-related public health issues in the future (Kim, Chan, Chow, Fung, Cheuk, Griffiths, 2009). Research and theory have provided pertinent information about binge drinking and how prevalent the issue is among college students. Binge drinking among college students has been identified as the number one threat to campus life (Wheeler, 2009). College students today are drinking more frequently and in greater amounts than ever before (The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia University, 2007). Dangerous amounts of alcohol consumption are simply not safe, and will most likely produce negative outcomes. The p urpose of this paper is to discuss how binge drinking is defined and measured. It will also review several studies on binge drinking and how it correlates with college students. Additionally, original research was conducted to examine the binge drinking trends of Texas State University Students. Literature Review Operationalizing â€Å"Binge Drinking† Conventionally, the criteria for assessing high-risk drinking includes: five or more drinks for males and four or more drinks for women during one sitting, event, or occasion within the previous two weeks (Glassman, 2010). Although, some research simply states five or more drinks in one sitting, which does not include the gender variable. Also, asking respondents to recall specific time frames from a night of heavy drinking may also compromise the validity of research data. Further, the five or more/four or more drinking criterion does not adequately assess the intoxication levels or more extreme levels of alcohol consumption (Glassman, 2010). Yet, others in the field recognize that men metabolize alcohol more efficiently than women and distinctions should be accounted for when measuring this behavior. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) National Advisory Council attempted to clarify the issue by defining a binge as: a pattern of drinking alcohol that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08 gram percent or above. For the typical adult, this pattern corresponds to consuming 5 or more drinks (male) or 4 or more drinks (female) in about 2 hours† (National Institute on Alcohol and Abuse, 2004, p. 357). Prevalence of Binge Drinking Data from multiple surveys indicate that the majority of college students consume alcohol (Presley, Meilman, Lyerla, 1994). College students drink more frequently and in greater numbers than their peers who do not attend college (Johnston, O’Malley, Bachman, 1997). Defined as five consecutive drinks for men and four consecutive drinks for women within a two-week period, binge drinking occurs among 44% of college students, which has remained constant over time (Glassman, 2010). On average, college students consume 9.6 drinks per week. White, Kraus Swatzwelder (2006) conducted surveys at a moderate-sized state university in the northeast United States via flyers, announcements, and a web site maintained by the Psychology Department. Participants completed the anonymous surveys in exchange for credit toward completion of a research-participation requirement for introductory psychology courses. The results showed that 41% of males and 34% of females consume alcohol at or a bove the binge drink threshold. Many different environmental and social factors can influence a college students’ behavior. For example, the presence of a Greek system, student involvement in athletics, students’ residence (dorm or apartment), size of the university, alcohol outlet density and alcohol prices are all variables that can influence decisions of a student (Wheeler, 2009). Research indicates that when college students drink at these levels, their risk for alcohol related consequences increases significantly and suggest that the term â€Å"binge† is justified based on scientific evidence (Glassman, 2010). According to the Harvard School of Public Health College Study, which was conducted on 89% of the first year entrants of college, 53% of all alcohol-related injuries occurred from people who consumed one to five drinks, whereas 21% occurred from those who consumed eight or more drinks. This data was gathered from anonymous questionnaires that were sent to all students prior to the fall semester registration. Also, there is almost universal agreement among college administration and health professionals that alcohol abuse is the most widespread recreational drug used by college students, and that binge drinking is a major health problem (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1995). Faced with this issue, and no apparent immediat e solution, in the summer of 2008, 200 college presidents proposed that lawmakers consider lowering the drinking age from 21 to 18 years. Their efforts were dubbed the Amethyst Initiative, an idea based on the assumption that the current laws and prohibitions against drinking may actually be encouraging students to binge drink (Deas Clark, 2009). Most literature gives little evidence that lowering the drinking age will solve the binge drinking problem. However, there is considerable evidence that this action may actually intensify the issue. For example, high school students 18 years old and younger seem to be keeping pace with college peers in terms of alcohol consumption. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2004), 62% of tenth graders and 72% of twelfth graders have used alcohol and 41% of tenth graders and 55% of twelfth graders have been drunk. Also, 65% of college students who drink alcohol began drinking in high school and only 13% of college students began drinking after entering college. This data was collected from a study that was conducted in two stages. The first stage selected 148 institutions, half two-year and half four-year, with probability proportional to undergraduate enrollment. The second stage randomly sampled undergraduates in the 136 institutions that chose to participate, targeti ng 72 students from each two-year school and 56 from each four-year school. The questionnaire was mailed to 7,442 students for self-administration and completed by 4,814 (The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, 2007). Finally, lowering the drinking age seems to negate research on neurobiological development. The data suggests that cognitive functions, such as impulse control and decision making, are still developing into early adulthood (Wheeler, 2009). During this period of critical development major regions of the young adult’s brain is at risk due to the neurotoxin effects of excessive alcohol consumption. Obviously, a better alternative to lowering the drinking age is to increase research efforts designed to give a better understanding of why so many students engage in such self-destructing behavior. In seeking some answers to some of these questions, researchers have conducted studies on the motive and expectations underlying excessive drinking in the college population. Some believe that college students just do not see an issue with binge drinking. This may be because students tend to identify hangovers as the most serious consequence of excessive drinking. Others suggest that students drink in order to obtain valued outcomes or as a means of coping with stress (Crundell, 1995). Berkowitz (1990) insists that the satisfaction of social needs and peer influence are the most important factors leading to binge drinking. Research on peer influence has shown that individuals who have friends who drink are more likely to begin drinking, and that individuals who binge drink are likely to have friends who drink (Wheeler, 2009). Duncan, Biosjoly, Kremer, Levy Eccles (2005) state, â€Å" as long as individuals are free to choose their friends, it is possible that someone’s substance abuse behavior or personal characteristics associated with substance abuse are affecting his or her choice of peer group† (p. 376). According to Wheeler (2009), young adults are the heaviest drinkers in the United States. College students drink more often and in heavier amounts than people who do not attend college. This seems consistent with Crundall’s (1995) notion that alcohol consumption is a major part of the culture of college life, a so-called rite of passage into adulthood. Drinking alcohol is typically perceived by most students as part of the college experience. The college culture undoubtedly plays a role in student drinking, but some researchers may have exaggerated its effects. As Wheeler (2009) reports, â€Å"While the heaviest drinkers are at greater risk for harm, they are relatively few and generate proportionally small amounts of all drinking harms† (p. 174). This idea is supported by Weschler, Lee, Kuo, Seibring, Nelson Lee (2002), who used factor analyses and IRT analyses while conducting their studies, found that the top 17% of students in a sample of 353 undergraduate drinkers who drink alcohol heavily and frequently, consume 68% of the alcohol drank by college students. There also other shortcomings associated with the traditional high-risk drinking measure. Glassman (2010) proposes combing the five/four drinking measure with the frequency of engaging in the behavior (3 or more times in a one week period), a term he describes as â€Å"heavy and frequent† (Glassman, 2010). The research indicates that this group is most at risk for experiencing the negative consequences associated with alcohol use. Another area in which specialized research is needed involves event-specific drinking occasions among college students. For example, on a college football game day, drinking alcohol takes place for an extended period of time (usually before, during, and after a game). For these types of events, the term, â€Å"Extreme Ritualistic Alcohol Consumption† (ERAC) was created. ERAC, defined as consuming 10 or more drinks in a day by males, and 8 or more drinks for a female, constitutes an event or context-specific drinking pattern in which peopl e drink more than they would under normal circumstances (Deas et al., 2009). Methods Secondary data was used during the original research of the binge drinking trends of Texas State University students. Information was gathered in Spring of 2009, as part of a Research Methods in Criminal Justice course at Texas State University. Convenience sampling was used, which means that the sample group in the study was comprised of TSU students who were, basically, given the surveys at the convenience of the researcher. The surveyed students were anonymous, meaning there is no possible way to link the answers to any one survey to any specific student. They surveys, which were IRB approved by Texas State University, were self-administered by the students. Overall, the ending sample size was 146 Texas State students, which may limit the data due to the low number. This small sample size may not be completely representative of the Texas State University population. The survey questions vary in type, but the data gathered portrays an accurate depiction of the studentsâ€℠¢ binge drinking habits. The survey consists of 74 questions total, 11 personal drinking behavior questions, 14 binge drinking questions, 11 questions covering the survey taker’s attitude towards drinking, 9 background questions, 5 demographic questions, and 23 personal attitudes and behaviors. The possible answers varied from simply â€Å"Yes or No† to Gottfredson and Hirshi’s Low Self-Control Scale (Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree). Results The sample size of this study was 146 Texas State University students. The majority of the sample, 58%, was Caucasian. Another 29% were Hispanic. The remaining 13% were another race. The sample consisted of 45% male participants and 55% female participants. The majority of the sample was 21 years and older (70%). Of these participants, only 26% are Criminal Justice majors. Juniors and Seniors represented most of the sample size (74%) of the sample, as opposed to only 26% Freshman and Sophomores. Surprisingly, only 11% of the sample stated they were a member of a traditional fraternity or sorority, and only 17% indicated they were an athlete at the university. For the purpose of this paper, fiver questions from the survey were selected, and those results were analyzed. Twenty-four percent of the surveyed students indicated they have attended school while drunk. Additionally, 80% of the participants admitted to binge drinking at a house party at some point. Only 29% of the sample indicated they have engaged in sexual intercourse after binge drinking and later regretted it. Thirty-five percent of the surveyed students have blacked out (become unconscious after consuming a large amount of alcohol) due to binge drinking. Finally, 61% of the sample did not believe the drinking age should be lowered to 18 years. The questions were also analyzed by the demographic, sex. It was found males were significantly more likely than females to attend class while drunk, binge drink at a house party, have sex with someone after binge drinking and later regret it, and black out after binge drinking (p

Medical law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Medical law - Essay Example The only exception to this case is when Clare comes from or resides in Northern Ireland or any other, state or region that is outside the United Kingdom mainland. Secondly, the reason Clare and Sarah’s advance to have the pregnancy terminated is valid, given that it is based on the baby’s susceptibility to incur disability and the mother’s ability to biologically handle the pregnancy. The Abortion Act of 1967 indeed qualifies a high probability of the baby developing medical conditions and the vulnerability of the mother to health risks as conditions that independently validate grounds for therapeutic abortion. It is important that Clare ensures that she procures the abortion in a specialist licensed clinic or in a licensed hospital. Secondly, Clare should ensure that at least two physicians analyse her situation and agree that the abortion procedure will cause less damage to Clare’s mental and physical health than a situation in which Clare carries the baby. At the moment, Clare has to be aware of the fact that the Abortion Act of 1967 respects the sanctity of her choice as an independent individual. This means that the final decision to terminate the pregnancy fully rests upon her decision and free will. The import of this is that the standpoint that others such as Ian, Sarah and Rose may have towards Clare’s choice may be immaterial, the degree of biological affiliation that any of these parties may have with the child, notwithstanding. Likewise, it is to be brought to Clare’s attention that Ian’s act of disclosing her medical details and history is a criminal offence which is punishable by law. The decision to grant Ian pardon or to launch a legal case against Ian will therefore remain a matter of personal discretion. Ian, (note that) your commitments to ethics as the grounds on which you object Clare’s resolution to procure an abortion are commendable. However, I would like to bring your

Fina 307 assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fina 307 assignment 2 - Essay Example These offer many range of credit, banking and investment products and services to customers. The clients have been empowered to have access to a franchise network that stretches coast to coast through 32 states and the District of Columbia. Consumer Real Estate Services on the other hand provides real estate products to its customers. Consumer Real Estate Services products include fixed and adjustable mortgage services for loans and residential acquisition. The Global Banking services are intended to provide a range of lending-related products and services, integrated working capital management and treasury solutions to clients, and underwriting and advisory services through the Corporation’s network of offices and client relationship teams along with various product partners. Global Banking’s lending products and services include commercial loans, leases, commitment facilities, trade finance, real estate lending, asset-based lending and direct/indirect consumer loans. Global Markets offers sales and trading services, including research, to institutional clients across fixed income, credit, currency, and commodity and equity businesses. Global Markets product coverage includes securities and derivative products in both the primary and secondary markets. Global Markets provides market-making, financing, securities clearing, settlement and custody services globally to institutional investor clients in support of their investing and trading activities. The global wealth and investment management allows for the provision of a comprehensive wealth management solutions to many of its customers. These services include investment and brokerage services, estate and financial planning, fiduciary portfolio management, cash and liability management, and specia lty asset management. The study carried out a comprehensive statistical analysis of returns of shares of a bank of America

Competition and Performance in Supermarket Industry

Competition and Performance in Supermarket Industry Analyse the management aspects of competition and performance in the supermarket industry, based on the case study given in the attachment. What role have the competitive strategies of supermarkets had in their success? In evaluating the sources of sustainable competitive advantage, which seem most important: market positioning, high levels of market power, or high levels of internal efficiency? Taking into consideration the four current dominant supermarket chains in the UK; Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury’s and Morrisions, whilst acknowledging the slightly smaller popular grocery retailers such as Waitrose and Marks and Spencer an analysis of their comparative individual strategic framework is not dissimilar in many ways. Certainly in terms of the top four providers they have increased their market share through relentless buy up of smaller local convenience stores and chains, in addition to undercutting local suppliers, making them more cost effective. This has resulted in the retail food industry becoming an Oligopoly market, where only a few firms dominate the market by way of high levels of branding, brand loyalty, stable prices and a strong interdependence between the leading stores in relation to their own strategic movements. The emphasis is on advertising campaigns and tough barriers for any new competitors to overcome. They are all benefitting considerably by their economies of sale.[1] Tesco controls over 30% of the overall British grocery market. A market position which provides it with the strength and confidence to succeed against its rival competitors. Not only is positioning integral to the strategic success of the supermarket giants. It was Wal-Marts massive buying power which ultimately enabled Asda to become the second highest retailer in the market, usurping Sainsbury’s in 2003 from its number two spot. Another key area of its successes however grew out of its ability to offer a range of non-food items, such as clothing and kitchen ware. By expanding and diversifying its products in this way it was able to increase its overall market power. In 2002 Asda’s Chief Executive Tony DeNuzio confirmed, â€Å"two thousand lines have been sourced jointly with Wal-Mart and these delivered prices unheard of in the UK market.[2] Similarly Sainsbury’s business success came under threat several years ago when its market position was threatened and eventually commandeered by Asda. It needed to increase its competitive advantage quickly and one of the main ways it achieved this was by expanding and improving its own internal communications systems. Following the decline in sales and competitive defeat to Asda it responded by initiating the Making Sainsbury’s Great Again strategy. A significant four year recovery plan which included terminating the outsourced contracting of its IT infrastructure to the company Accenture. It shifted instead to the development of its own in-house IT systems saving the company millions of pounds.[3] This internal efficiency was further enhanced in 2006 when Sainsbury’s introduced new schemes such as Try Something New Today’ which became their motto for both customers and employees with a new emphasis on training and development and colleague communication . The supermarket chain also introduced a comprehensive monthly employee survey, called Talkback providing them with an indication of the level of staff satisfaction and quality of overall service being provided to the customers. During the same year Sainsbury’s launched an apprenticeship scheme for qualifying its in-house bakers, together with a leadership scheme for its branch and regional managers, designed to improve the level of quality of its management team, in addition to empowering its own staff. A combination of new stores, new lines and internal enhancement enabled Sainsbury’s to increase their profits significantly over the last few years. In 2008 these have been confirmed as  £488 million, before tax. A rise of  £108 million compared to 2007. And an overwhelming profit increase of  £380 million for Sainsbury’s since 2006.[4] All of the factors relating to market position, market power and internal efficiency can determine the strategic effectiveness of a successful supermarket giant in terms of how they inter-relate and require shifting or reviewing depending on the situation and motivation for change. What have been the marketing strategies of supermarkets? Evaluate these strategies. Marketing Strategies appear to be progressing away from the traditional 4Ps of Product, Place, Price and Promotion as Marketing is beginning to become more about the relationship of the public to the organization itself. Markets are now so competitive that more innovative ways of attracting customers is becoming key to remaining successful. Perhaps one of the best examples of a successful marketing strategy in order to maintain its existing customer focus, in addition to gaining more direct information about them as individuals, is through Tesco’s Clubcard scheme. This scheme has enabled Tesco to create a retail strategy, to determine their customers and which market these customers fit into as well as what they are looking for from a supermarket.[5] Similarly its computers for school voucher scheme turned shopping into a means of providing equipment for schools, maintained loyalty amongst families with children, raising their profile as a community conscious organization. Asda’s marketing strategy has always focused heavily on value. In 2006 it developed a new  £45 million marketing strategy which killed off their â€Å"always low prices slogan. A whole new approach to marketing its products now fell under the umbrella of more for you for less, This was a result of Asda’s market share decreasing to 16.7% and a recognition of Sainsbury’s recovery success. Asda also wanted to accentuate the quality and freshness of its food and drink, as the low price concept had begun to have less and less impact on its customers. It invested an enormous  £45 million advertising campaign using celebrities and even abandoned the familiar reassuring ‘Asda Price’ jingle. [6] In 2007, still reeling from the repercussions of its multi-million takeover bid of Safeway Superstores Morrison’s decided to revamp its image and market itself in a completely new way. It changed its logo and introduced the new strapline â€Å"The food sp ecialist for everyone.† In a similar way to Asda, Morrison’s made the decision to move away from the budget concept and value of lower costing food towards an angle that emphasized the quality of its products; where they came from and how they were packaged and presented. [7] This immediately followed a particularly controversial period for Morrison’s who were the first stock exchange company to post their results after the charity Christian Aid announced it would actively expose and campaign against industries that were seen to be abusing the environment.[8] It therefore becomes fairly apparent from these few recent examples that many of the major supermarkets are focusing their marketing strategies around the current political climate of the country, alongside the ever fluctuating expectations of its consumers. Comparatively the supermarket chain Waitrose has consistently delivered a reputation for stocking quality products, that are fair trade and organic. With the contentious strapline ‘honestly priced’ Waitrose focuses specifically on food and drink and has not diversified its products in line with the other major supermarkets. It has a very different socio-economic demographic for its market and their approach differs from other supermarkets in that they are all about brand loyalty. It has an account card like many other stores but chooses not to promote it. Rewards include concert tickets or selected food items, again emphasizing its overall different audience. The same audience who utilisie the John Lewis brand, the controlling arm of the supermarket. And most importantly of all the Waitrose profits are ploughed directly back into the pockets of its employees, maintaining a holistic enterprise with a fair, honest and high profile image. To what extent should supermarkets take into account ethics and corporate social responsibility when designing their competitive strategies and their relationship with suppliers? Do these responsibilities extend to protecting local communities and convenience stores? How should environmental questions be accounted for? By way of suppliers it is fair to assume from the media attention received that UK farmers are often seen to be suffering the effects of the considerable pressures put upon them to deliver high quality for lower prices, in addition to smaller grocers who find it continuously difficult to compete against the costs implemented by the supermarkets. The long-term impacts of battles between grocers and now non-food retail companies in the wake of the growth in expansion of supermarkets in new product areas, indicates that local based shopping facilities could decline further in future years. In response to the seemingly unending expansion and development of supermarkets across the UK, with smaller convenience stores moving into small towns and villages the Office of Fair Trading, (OFT) published the findings of an investigation into Britain’s four largest supermarkets, Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury’s and Morrisons. Primarily based on how they treated suppliers. The report discovered no issues with the relationship overall and the conclusion was positive. However, since these outcomes were made public there remains an ongoing observation of practices by supermarkets nationally and an increasing profile with regard to the social and environmental responsibilities these hugely powerful, profit hungry enterprises have become in recent years. Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR has become of significant importance to supermarkets, with some responding at higher levels than others. Marks and Spencer have introduced a five year eco strategy aiming to proactively tackle issues including climate change, waste reduction and ethical trading. And Sainsbury’s Active Kids initiative, allowing the 80% of all UK registered schools to redeem vouchers for sports equipment. Donating a generous  £7 million of their own profits towards the campaign. [9] However this does not take into account the lack of co-operation by the larger supermarkets to help prevent cheap alcohol binge drinking. Frank Soodeen the Communications Director for Alcohol Concern stated earlier this year that ‘Supermarkets have a responsibility to price alcohol realistically†¦This is not an ordinary product and continuing to cynically market it below cost in order to increase footfall increases the risk to the public health†¦In the current climate of social and environmental awareness, a tough policy for corporate social responsibility (CSR) is worth its weight in gold.’ [10] Asda has since become the first supermarket to remove all of its super strength canned beers and lagers. In addition it has taken forward a new proof of age scheme titled Challenge 25. Customers who purchase alcohol must now produce some form of identification if they appear to look younger than twenty five. Furthermore the Federation of Small Businesses claims around 2,000 independent retailers go out of business each year. Supermarkets selling items with no mark-up are subsequently pushing all other smaller independent traders out of business as they simply cannot compete. Fair trade is an ongoing concern, with cheap labour in foreign countries enabling the retail trade to adopt low cost prices through exploitation. Earlier this year Martin Hearson from the campaigns organization Labour Behind The Label was quoted as reiterating ‘In theory, all the main supermarkets are committed to this but in practice, we have seen very little ethics to live up to the promise to pay workers a living wage’[11] It is abundantly apparent that supermarkets play a significant role in CSR issues and have a responsibility to maintain a level of standards across a number of areas that impact on both local communities and larger global matters. Tesco recently published their own Corporate Social Responsibility policy, which can be found on their website accompanied by the following statement ‘Our Corporate Social Responsibility policy objective is to earn the trust of our customers by acting responsibly in the communities we serve. We recognise our impact on society at all levels and work to maximise the benefits we bring. Customers are at the heart of everything we do. CSR is good for our business and good for the communities where we operate. By building goodwill and trust with our customers, we can earn their lifetime loyalty, which is our core purpose.’[12] To what extent is it inevitable that local convenience stores will decline? Are there feasible strategic or marketing responses available to them? The University of Southampton having been carrying out research around the reaction of consumers to the take over and demise of the local convenience store. The impact on communities who had recently been party to the addition of a Tesco Express in their local town or village within four different geographical areas of Hampshire were analysed over a period of one year providing the following conclusions Many citizens moved away from travelling to the distant out of town supermarkets, preferring to use not only the local Tesco Express, but other local shops as well. The return of out of town shoppers brought about by the inclusion of a smaller Tesco actually encouraged the concentration of increased local shopping trends, rather than having a detrimental effect on the community. In response to the findings the research team leader Professor Wrigley commented â€Å"It is clear that the introduction of the Tesco Express format to these communities helped bring about a major re-localisation of top-up shopping – away from distant superstores towards local shops. If consumers can access the same quality of fresh food and product ranges locally as they do in larger supermarkets, then increasingly it seems they will divert their top-up shopping back into their local neighborhood. This may have potential benefits for other traders, but more interestingly has considerable significance in changing the way we shop – with more people walking and cycling to stores.’[13] This conclusive positive influence of supermarket chain presence in local environments is reflected less positively in a topical piece of correspondence from The Executive Chairman for the Association of Convenience Stores to the Inquiry Secretary of the Groceries Market Investigation Competition Commission in 2007. The letter documents an investigative outcome of Costcutter stores nationwide. Whereas the commission had found there to be no decline in the general consumer use of Costcutters. The outcomes of the evidence provided by the Association of Convenience stores details a very different picture altogether, noting ‘The case: IGD I William Reed reports a decline of 5000 stores between the years of 2000 to 2006, and the decline of independents added to symbol group independents has declined by 4,611 stores in the same time period.’ The correspondence goes on to claim that a significant number of independent retailers are closing regularly across the country. And those that have remained successful have been subjected to takeover bids by Tesco or Sainsbury’s. An example of one Tesco store opening in a market town in Yorkshire, demonstrated that the existing Costcutter nearby received a turnover of a 50% decrease.[14] Although it is clear that supermarkets are not able to meet all grocery shopping needs as more local convenience stores fall into decline, less choice will be available to the consumer. In addition minority groups and those unable to access large super stores out of town, who would ordinarily have completed their shopping locally are now being forced into taking the cheaper option the presence of a smaller convenience Tesco Metro or Sainsbury’s central provides, making the audience for independent and convenience retailers even narrower. How might suppliers respond to the pressure they face? Suppliers are consistently left with fewer choices in terms of providing produce at an economic level consistent with continued growth resulting from the lack of profit made impossible from value Supermarket trading. Not only are they reduced to having to cut their costs, but they are under pressure in other areas like having to accept longer payment plans and cut prices sometimes even further by having to contribute to special supermarket promotional activity. [15] One of the options remaining is for suppliers to consider moving their industries abroad or carrying out more overseas trading. Alternatively by changing their products to meet the demanding needs of consumers to be greener, more organic and free range and finding new ways in which production costs can be consequently reduced in the process to impart better profits would be advantageous. Adapting to new methods of meeting the demands of the supermarkets are a continued necessity for suppliers to survive in the current market. Some suppliers may end up trading overseas, with the supermarkets forced to then buy the same product abroad at a higher cost, but with the profits going back into the pockets of the supplier. This will have a consequent knock-on effect to how all global supply and demand is met in the future. Alternatively the creation of Stockless centres through an enhanced supermarket internet home delivery service would enable goods to transfer directly from the supplier to the consumer door-to-door with no over-head costs. This would help reduce any transportation or logistic costs or financial implications incurred by the suppliers. Some supermarkets are now co-operating at a much more intensive level with their suppliers by recruiting specialists employed to work directly as a point of liaison to collaborate with the supplier in specific matters relating to the quality of the product they are providing, as well as financial advice and support with storage, refrigeration and logistical problems. [16]There is perhaps potential then to increase this level of support and develop a closer working relationship between retailer and supplier in order that both are satisfied. Bibliography Ebrahimi, H, 14 May 2006, Financial Daily Mail article ‘Britain’s top competition watchdog has said it is ready to see small suppliers squeezed out of business by powerful supermarkets so long as savings are passed on to consumers’ Gummesson, E (1999) Total Relationship Marketing: From the 4Ps Product, Price, Promotion, Place of Traditional Marketing Management to the 30Rs the Thirty Relationships of the New Marketing Paradigm: Butterworth-Heinemann Juniper.T, April 24, 2006 ‘A not so super market’, Guardian Newspaper Knights, D, and Wilmott, H (2000) The Reengineering Revolution? : Critical Studies of Corporate Change: Sage Knights, M (2005) ‘Sainsburys calls time on IT outsourcing contract’, Computing magazine University of Southamption press release, 03 November 2005, ‘Consumers Respond to transformation in UK Convenience Store Sector’, ref 05/191 Letter from Colin Graves to Tim Oyler, 23 November 2007 http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/inquiries/ref2006/grocery/pdf/responses_prov_findings_main_party_costcutter.pdf, Date accessed 12/09/08 (2002) ‘Asda fuelled by Wal-Mart power Food Retailing’, Eurofood article 7 March, 2006, ‘Asda plans marketing revamp’, Yorkshire Regional Development Agency article www.retail-vision.co.uk http://www.j-sainsbury.com/ar06/overview/groupperformance.shtml/ Chairman’s statement (2008) http://www.j-sainsbury.com/ar08/chairman/index.shtml, Date accessed 10/09/08 1 Footnotes [1] Juniper.T, April 24, 2006 ‘A not so super market’, Guardian Newspaper [2] (2002) ‘Asda fuelled by Wal-Mart power Food Retailing’, Eurofood article [3] Knights,M (2005) ‘Sainsburys calls time on IT outsourcing contract’, Computing magazine [4] http://www.j-sainsbury.com/ar06/overview/groupperformance.shtml/ Chairman’s statement (2008) http://www.j-sainsbury.com/ar08/chairman/index.shtml, Date accessed 10/09/08 [5] www.retail-vision.co.uk [6] 7 March, 2006, ‘Asda plans marketing revamp’, Yorkshire Regional Development Agency article [7] Johnson, B (2007) ‘Morrisons has sterling strategy’, Advertising Marketing article [8] Johnson, B (2007) ‘Morrisons has sterling strategy’, Advertising Marketing article [9] http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/files/reports/cr2005/index.asp?pageid=90 [10] Gough,V, 04 July 2008, Article from mycustomer.com, http://www.mycustomer.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=133794u=pndm=phnd, Date accessed13/09/08 [11] Gough,V, 04 July 2008, Article from mycustomer.com, http://www.mycustomer.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=133794u=pndm=phnd, Date accessed13/09/08 [12] http://www.tesco.ie/csr/index.html, Date accessed 13/09/08 [13] University of Southamption press release, 03 November 2005, ‘Consumers Respond to transformation in UK Convinience Store Sector’, ref 05/191 [14] Letter from Colin Graves to Tim Oyler, 23 November 2007 http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/inquiries/ref2006/grocery/pdf/responses_prov_findings_main_party_costcutter.pdf, Date accessed 12/09/08 [15] Ebrahimi,H, 14 May 2006, Financial Daily Mail article ‘Britain’s top competition watchdog has said it is ready to see small suppliers squeezed out of business by powerful supermarkets so long as savings are passed on to consumers’ [16] Knights, D, and Wilmott, H (2000) The Reengineering Revolution?: Critical Studies of Corporate Change : Sage